Rahim Tabet | 11:29 PM |
Africa
|
Egypt
Basic Information
Official language: Arabic
Capital: Cairo
Surface: 1,001,450 km²
Population: 82,079,636 (July 2011)
Currency: Egyptian pound (EGP)
Time difference: +1 (Summer +2)
web | code | Tel.|.eg | EGY | +20|
General
The Arab Republic of Egypt (Arabic: Jumhūrīyat Misr al-Arabiya) is a republic in North Africa and lies on the border of Asia and Africa
The total area of the country is 1,001,449 km2, and thus Egypt is about 24 times larger than the Netherlands. The maximum length is 1250 km, the largest width of 1100 km.
Pyramid
Egypt is bordered to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, in the northeast of the Gaza Strip (11 km) and Israel (266 km) to the east by the Red Sea and the Gulf of al-Aqabah, in the south of Sudan (1273 km ), and in the west of Libya (1115 km). The total length of the coastline is 2450 km.
Egypt lies on two continents; the Suez Canal separates the African part of the Asian (Sinai). The Suez Canal cuts through the Isthmus (Isthmus) Suez Port Said to Suez, and connects vessel traffic between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The channel is 163 km long, with a width which varies from 365 to 305 meters. The canal has no locks and the passage takes about 15 hours. The sea route from Western Europe to the Far East will be reduced by 16,000 km through the Suez Canal.
Landscape
Nile
Egypt's territory consists almost entirely of desert, approximately 96%. The living area is only 55,000 km2 and includes the valley and delta of the Nile, the coastal areas along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea and a few oases in the Western Desert. Physical geography the country can be divided into four regions: the Nile area, the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert and the Sinai area.
The Nile area stretches 1250 km from the Sudanese border to the Mediterranean, is a flat landscape, narrow and winding. From the Sudanese border to about 320 km downstream the narrow Nile Valley goes through the Nubian sandstone. The construction of the High Dam at Aswan has formed Lake Nasser here. Forty kilometers north of Aswan is the alluvial plain about 16 km wide and it becomes even wider as Isna, where the Nile between white, steep limestone banks flows. The overall width of the Nile valley is 20 km. Aswan to Assiut is called Upper Egypt, then to Cairo from Middle Egypt.
At Cairo begins the Nile delta (or Lower Egypt), where the majority of the Egyptian population lives, a triangular floodplain, which stretches over a distance of approximately 160 km from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east. Immediately inland from the coast is an area of swamp and brackish lagoons, whose parts are reclaimed for agriculture.
West of the Nile valley is the Western or Libyan Desert (Arabic: Al-Sahra al-Gharbiyah), a very dry plateau covers about 75% of the total area, and the most eastern part of the Sahara. This desert has an average height of three hundred meters. The area consists of three platforms, two of limestone, the Gilf al-Kabir and al-Diffah (Lybisch Plateau) and a large sandstone plateau, the Nubian plateau. Ca. 15% of the desert is covered with sand dunes. The Great Sand Sea (Bahr al-Rimal) stretches for hundreds of kilometers, and is the largest dunes in the world. In a particular dune form, known as sickle dune slope by sustained winds becoming steeper and creates small avalanches. Through this slip sand dunes move gradually. The distance over which this occurs varies from a few centimeters up to twenty meters per year.
Large oases are found in the seven major and several small depressions where fresh water is tapped. There lives the only desert population. The largest oases are Siwah, al-Bahriyah, al-Farafirah, al-Dakhilah and al-Kharigah. The al-Qattarah depression, up to 130 m below sea level and 20,000 km2, is too salty for human habitation and one of the hottest areas on earth. There are measured temperatures of about 60 ° C. Other deep depressions are al-Fayyum (about 2 million inhabitants) and Wadi al-Natrun. The depressions are caused by a combination of subsidence and wind and water erosion.
The Eastern or Arabian Desert (al-Sahra al-Sharqiyah) extends from the Nile Valley to the Red Sea and go to the south into the Nubian desert. On the north side lie two plateaus, the northern and southern "Galala. Parallel to the coast stretches the russet Red Zeegebergte with peaks over 1500 meters: the Dzjebel Sjajib reaches 2187 meters.
The drainage of the mountains has here in the distant past created a network of deep wadis, which separate the mountain ridges apart. Here wandering nomadic herders, who practice animal husbandry, thanks to the water here and there from the common sources and hidden cavities, or from under the dry beds of the wadis is brought to the surface. Hundreds of meters above sea level in the limestone fossils show that this area was once a seabed.
The Sinai Peninsula (approximately 6% of the total area) or through the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez separated from the Eastern Desert and the Nile Delta. This irregular triangular plateau reached its greatest height in the south, where the Dzjebel Catherine the highest mountain in Egypt (2641 m) forms a spectacular mountain. This mountain range is about 50 million years ago by the drifting apart of the continental plates. Another high mountain is the sacred Dzjebel Musa (Mount Sinai), 2285 meters.
To the north of this mountain is the bone-dry al-Tih Plateau, crossed by wide wadis, and to the north gives way to the coastal plain with a belt of sand dunes.
Volcanic rocks, limestone and sandstone provide colorful contrasts of red, green and yellow.
Nile
Egypt Nile Delta
The Nile Valley, Egypt's lifeblood literally, is in fact the longest oasis in the world. This river oasis has a total area of 35,000 km2, and stretches over 900 km between Cairo and Aswan. The oasis consists of a narrow strip of fertile land on either side of the river that never more than 20 km wide.
The Nile has two source rivers, the White and the Blue Nile, which converge in Khartoum, capital of Sudan. Although the White Nile is much longer, 80% of the Nile to the Blue Nile, which rises in the Tana Lake, the Ethiopian plateau. A little further than the Blue Nile adds still the Atbara by the river.
The Ethiopian monsoon rains swell the Blue Nile so on, which stopped the waters of the White Nile. Overflowing and then turn the surrounding area under water. The flood waters of the Blue Nile reached Egypt in September and the supply is greatest: sixteen times the rate in May.
The most distant source of the White Nile is in Burundi, 6,825 kilometers from the Mediterranean coast. The Nile making it the longest river in the world. In the northern marshlands of southern Sudan strengthen the Gazelle River (Bahr al-Ghazal), the Giraffe River (Bahr Az-Zarafa) and the Sobat the watercourse of the Nile. The last 2700 kilometers through Sudan and Egypt, the Nile tributaries nowhere. The Nile cuts over a distance of 1500 kilometers, the country, and is just north of Wadi Halfa Egypt.
North of Cairo begins the Nile Delta, an area with an area of 20,000 km2, up to 250 km wide and 160 km long. This area consists entirely of mud that the Nile has deposited in the Mediterranean. Because the Aswan dam was completed in 1971, came to the siltation to an end. The Nile flows into two main arms of the sea, the Damiëtta- and Rosetta arm, supplemented by numerous smaller streams and canals. Previously, the river had seven arms, but five of them are blocked. Four shallow brackish lakes (Bahra ') form the transition to the Mediterranean. These lakes are still separated from the sea by narrow headlands. The coastline of the delta is further covered with swamps.
oases
Egypt oasis
The only inhabited areas west of the Nile Valley and Delta form oases or wahat "in the Libyan Desert. Seven places enough water comes up to allow for permanent residence. These springs are located in areas where aquifers to surface. Sometimes these springs are fed by rainwater that fell in the surrounding mountains and has collected in the soil layers. Sometimes the water comes up from fossil water resources (25000-50000 years old) formed in periods when the climate in the Sahara was much wetter than at present.
The biggest 'oasis' is that of al-Fayyum, with almost two million inhabitants. Actually it is not a true oasis since it obtains its water from the Nile through the channeled Bahr Yusuf, who in al-Lahun enters the depression and there are branches in a spider web of canals. Even oasis Wadi al-Natrun 24 meters below sea level landscape is becoming more connected to the 'civilized' world, including the Cairo-Alexandria road which runs close by. Wadi al-Natrun is about 40 km long, wide between 8 and 10 km. Because of the height reached from the Nile groundwater coming to the valley, where it comes back to the surface. As a result, in combination with the strong evaporation, have formed salt lakes, which completely dry up in the summer. What is left is salt and sodium hydroxide, a substance that was used in the time of the Pharaohs as part of balm.
Siwa is the most remote oasis located at the lowest point of depression (-18 m). The Oasis has hundreds of sources, 400,000 date palms and an abundance of olives, oranges and grapes. It is an on-Egyptian world, whose inhabitants do not speak Arabic, but a Berber dialect, Siwi. The area around the oasis was a prohibited military zone until 1991, but is now open to tourists and foreign investors.
The oases Dakhla, Kharga and El Bahariya are elongated ribbons of villages and plantations. Oasis El Kharga, at 1065 km from Cairo, is very long and extends over a length of nearly two hundred kilometers. Bahariya is a large iron ore mine, and just opened at the Dakhla Oasis is a phosphate mine. The small oasis Farafra lies on a plain surrounded by sand dunes.
The terraced farmlands of the oases are planted with vegetables, fruits, grains, clover species 'bersim', date palms and olive trees.
Official language: Arabic
Capital: Cairo
Surface: 1,001,450 km²
Population: 82,079,636 (July 2011)
Currency: Egyptian pound (EGP)
Time difference: +1 (Summer +2)
web | code | Tel.|.eg | EGY | +20|
General
The Arab Republic of Egypt (Arabic: Jumhūrīyat Misr al-Arabiya) is a republic in North Africa and lies on the border of Asia and Africa
The total area of the country is 1,001,449 km2, and thus Egypt is about 24 times larger than the Netherlands. The maximum length is 1250 km, the largest width of 1100 km.
Pyramid
Egypt is bordered to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, in the northeast of the Gaza Strip (11 km) and Israel (266 km) to the east by the Red Sea and the Gulf of al-Aqabah, in the south of Sudan (1273 km ), and in the west of Libya (1115 km). The total length of the coastline is 2450 km.
Egypt lies on two continents; the Suez Canal separates the African part of the Asian (Sinai). The Suez Canal cuts through the Isthmus (Isthmus) Suez Port Said to Suez, and connects vessel traffic between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The channel is 163 km long, with a width which varies from 365 to 305 meters. The canal has no locks and the passage takes about 15 hours. The sea route from Western Europe to the Far East will be reduced by 16,000 km through the Suez Canal.
Landscape
Egypt's territory consists almost entirely of desert, approximately 96%. The living area is only 55,000 km2 and includes the valley and delta of the Nile, the coastal areas along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea and a few oases in the Western Desert. Physical geography the country can be divided into four regions: the Nile area, the Western Desert, the Eastern Desert and the Sinai area.
The Nile area stretches 1250 km from the Sudanese border to the Mediterranean, is a flat landscape, narrow and winding. From the Sudanese border to about 320 km downstream the narrow Nile Valley goes through the Nubian sandstone. The construction of the High Dam at Aswan has formed Lake Nasser here. Forty kilometers north of Aswan is the alluvial plain about 16 km wide and it becomes even wider as Isna, where the Nile between white, steep limestone banks flows. The overall width of the Nile valley is 20 km. Aswan to Assiut is called Upper Egypt, then to Cairo from Middle Egypt.
At Cairo begins the Nile delta (or Lower Egypt), where the majority of the Egyptian population lives, a triangular floodplain, which stretches over a distance of approximately 160 km from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east. Immediately inland from the coast is an area of swamp and brackish lagoons, whose parts are reclaimed for agriculture.
The Eastern or Arabian Desert (al-Sahra al-Sharqiyah) extends from the Nile Valley to the Red Sea and go to the south into the Nubian desert. On the north side lie two plateaus, the northern and southern "Galala. Parallel to the coast stretches the russet Red Zeegebergte with peaks over 1500 meters: the Dzjebel Sjajib reaches 2187 meters.
The drainage of the mountains has here in the distant past created a network of deep wadis, which separate the mountain ridges apart. Here wandering nomadic herders, who practice animal husbandry, thanks to the water here and there from the common sources and hidden cavities, or from under the dry beds of the wadis is brought to the surface. Hundreds of meters above sea level in the limestone fossils show that this area was once a seabed.
The Sinai Peninsula (approximately 6% of the total area) or through the Suez Canal and the Gulf of Suez separated from the Eastern Desert and the Nile Delta. This irregular triangular plateau reached its greatest height in the south, where the Dzjebel Catherine the highest mountain in Egypt (2641 m) forms a spectacular mountain. This mountain range is about 50 million years ago by the drifting apart of the continental plates. Another high mountain is the sacred Dzjebel Musa (Mount Sinai), 2285 meters.
To the north of this mountain is the bone-dry al-Tih Plateau, crossed by wide wadis, and to the north gives way to the coastal plain with a belt of sand dunes.
Volcanic rocks, limestone and sandstone provide colorful contrasts of red, green and yellow.
Nile
Egypt Nile Delta
The Nile Valley, Egypt's lifeblood literally, is in fact the longest oasis in the world. This river oasis has a total area of 35,000 km2, and stretches over 900 km between Cairo and Aswan. The oasis consists of a narrow strip of fertile land on either side of the river that never more than 20 km wide.
The Nile has two source rivers, the White and the Blue Nile, which converge in Khartoum, capital of Sudan. Although the White Nile is much longer, 80% of the Nile to the Blue Nile, which rises in the Tana Lake, the Ethiopian plateau. A little further than the Blue Nile adds still the Atbara by the river.
The Ethiopian monsoon rains swell the Blue Nile so on, which stopped the waters of the White Nile. Overflowing and then turn the surrounding area under water. The flood waters of the Blue Nile reached Egypt in September and the supply is greatest: sixteen times the rate in May.
North of Cairo begins the Nile Delta, an area with an area of 20,000 km2, up to 250 km wide and 160 km long. This area consists entirely of mud that the Nile has deposited in the Mediterranean. Because the Aswan dam was completed in 1971, came to the siltation to an end. The Nile flows into two main arms of the sea, the Damiëtta- and Rosetta arm, supplemented by numerous smaller streams and canals. Previously, the river had seven arms, but five of them are blocked. Four shallow brackish lakes (Bahra ') form the transition to the Mediterranean. These lakes are still separated from the sea by narrow headlands. The coastline of the delta is further covered with swamps.
oases
Egypt oasis
The only inhabited areas west of the Nile Valley and Delta form oases or wahat "in the Libyan Desert. Seven places enough water comes up to allow for permanent residence. These springs are located in areas where aquifers to surface. Sometimes these springs are fed by rainwater that fell in the surrounding mountains and has collected in the soil layers. Sometimes the water comes up from fossil water resources (25000-50000 years old) formed in periods when the climate in the Sahara was much wetter than at present.
The biggest 'oasis' is that of al-Fayyum, with almost two million inhabitants. Actually it is not a true oasis since it obtains its water from the Nile through the channeled Bahr Yusuf, who in al-Lahun enters the depression and there are branches in a spider web of canals. Even oasis Wadi al-Natrun 24 meters below sea level landscape is becoming more connected to the 'civilized' world, including the Cairo-Alexandria road which runs close by. Wadi al-Natrun is about 40 km long, wide between 8 and 10 km. Because of the height reached from the Nile groundwater coming to the valley, where it comes back to the surface. As a result, in combination with the strong evaporation, have formed salt lakes, which completely dry up in the summer. What is left is salt and sodium hydroxide, a substance that was used in the time of the Pharaohs as part of balm.
The oases Dakhla, Kharga and El Bahariya are elongated ribbons of villages and plantations. Oasis El Kharga, at 1065 km from Cairo, is very long and extends over a length of nearly two hundred kilometers. Bahariya is a large iron ore mine, and just opened at the Dakhla Oasis is a phosphate mine. The small oasis Farafra lies on a plain surrounded by sand dunes.
The terraced farmlands of the oases are planted with vegetables, fruits, grains, clover species 'bersim', date palms and olive trees.
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